Acne is most prevalent during adolescence but can affect people of all ages. Acne typically appears on the face, neck, chest, back, and shoulders.
The primary causes of acne include:
- Excess sebum production: Sebum is an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in the skin. When there is an overproduction of sebum, it can clog hair follicles and lead to acne formation.
- Dead skin cells: As the skin sheds dead cells, they can mix with sebum and block the hair follicles, contributing to acne development.
- Bacteria: The bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is naturally present on the skin. However, when hair follicles are clogged, it can multiply and cause inflammation, leading to the formation of pimples.
- Hormonal factors: Hormonal changes during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and certain medical conditions can influence sebum production and contribute to acne.
Acne can manifest in various forms:
- Whiteheads: Closed, small bumps that appear white or flesh-colored.
- Blackheads: Open, dark-colored bumps that develop on the surface of the skin due to oxidation of sebum.
- Pustules: Inflamed, pus-filled lesions with a red base.
- Papules: Small, raised red bumps without pus.
- Nodules: Large, painful, solid lumps beneath the surface of the skin.
- Cysts: Painful, pus-filled lumps that can cause scarring.
Treatment for acne depends on its severity and can include:
- Topical treatments: Over-the-counter or prescription creams, gels, or lotions containing ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or retinoids can help unclog pores and reduce inflammation.
- Oral medications: Antibiotics, oral contraceptives (for hormonal acne in females), or oral retinoids may be prescribed by a dermatologist for more severe cases.
- Professional procedures: Dermatologists may perform procedures like chemical peels, laser therapy, or drainage and extraction to treat stubborn acne or prevent scarring.
- Lifestyle changes: Maintaining good skincare practices, avoiding pore-clogging cosmetics, and managing stress can also help in managing acne.
Our Board Certified physicians have several options to successfully treat acne. Those range from topical creams and ointments to laser light treatments. So, don’t suffer needlessly with acne, whatever your age, contact our office today to schedule an appointment!