Actinic keratosis (AK), also known as solar keratosis or senile keratosis, is a common skin condition characterized by rough, scaly patches or lesions that develop on the skin surface. These lesions are a result of prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Actinic keratosis is considered a precancerous condition because there is a potential for the lesions to develop into squamous cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer.
Symptoms of actinic keratosis may include:
- Small, dry, rough, or scaly patches or bumps on the skin.
- The lesions are usually flat or slightly raised and can range in color from pink, red, brown, or flesh-toned.
- They are most commonly found on sun-exposed areas, such as the face, ears, scalp, neck, forearms, and backs of hands.
Actinic keratosis is more common in fair-skinned individuals who have had significant sun exposure throughout their lives. It is more prevalent in older adults, but it can occur in younger people as well, especially in those with a history of intense sun exposure.
Treatment for actinic keratosis is essential to prevent the progression to skin cancer. There are several options available, depending on the number and severity of lesions:
- Topical Medications: Prescription creams or gels containing ingredients like imiquimod, 5-fluorouracil, or diclofenac can be applied directly to the affected areas to help destroy the abnormal cells.
- Cryotherapy: Liquid nitrogen is applied to freeze and destroy the affected skin cells.
- Curettage and Electrodessication: The lesions are scraped off with a curette, and an electric needle is used to destroy any remaining abnormal cells.
- Photodynamic Therapy: A special light-sensitive medication is applied to the skin and then activated with a specific type of light to destroy the abnormal cells.
- Laser Therapy: Laser treatment may be used to remove actinic keratosis lesions.
- Chemical Peels: Chemical solutions are applied to the skin to cause controlled exfoliation, which removes the top layer of skin containing the AK lesions.
It is essential to have actinic keratosis lesions evaluated by a dermatologist to determine the most appropriate treatment for each individual case. Additionally, prevention measures such as using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and avoiding excessive sun exposure are crucial in reducing the risk of developing actinic keratosis and other sun-related skin conditions.